Anatomo-histological evaluation of male reproductive system of the juvenile Caiman crocodilus yacare / Evaluación anátomo-histológica del sistema reproductor del Caiman crocodilus yacare macho juvenil

SUMMARY: The Caiman crocodilus yacare was once close to extinction. Studies about the male reproductive tract may aid in their reproduction and conservation. In this work, after sedation and euthanasia, seven young male C. yacare were submitted to necropsy, and macroscopic evaluation of the reproductive system, while the three others were admitted for histological study. The histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's Trichrome. After opening the pleuroperitoneal cavity it was possible to identify that the testicles were disposed in pairs and attached to its dorsal surface. The epididymis showed elongated and convoluted shapes and were located at the cranial margin of the testicles, following its medial portion, which was the same portion that the "vas deferens" stems from until the opening of the cloaca. The crocodile phallus presented a tubular shape, with conical appearance, displaying little resistance while maintaining its flexibility, compatible with a fibrocartilaginous tissue. On light microscopic analysis it was possible to observe that the testis was delimited by the tunica albuginea. The seminiferous tubules were contorted, and the interstitial space was filled with interstitial tissue and Leydig cells. The epididymal ductus were covered with non-ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with cells varying between cuboidal and prismatic shapes. The ductus deferens were characterized by a narrow girth shrouded with non- ciliated pseudostratified prismatic epithelium. The phallus of the crocodile was covered with a non-keratinized squamous epithelium surrounded by connective tissue. The findings support anatomic and histologic knowledge Alligatoridae reproductive system, enabling further research in the C. yacare reproduction and conservation.

RESUMEN: El Caiman crocodilus yacare ha estado en peligro de extinción. Los estudios sobre el aparato reproductor del macho pueden ser de ayuda en su reproducción y conservación. En este trabajo, fueron sometidos a necropsia y evaluación macroscópica del aparato reproductor, siete machos jóvenes de C. yacare, mientras que otros tres fueron utilizados para su estudio histológico. Las secciones histológicas se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina y tricrómico de Masson. Después de examinar la cavidad pleuroperitoneal se pudo identificar que los testículos estaban dispuestos en pares y adheridos a su superficie dorsal. El epidídimo presentaba formas alargadas y contorneadas y se ubicaba en el margen craneal de los testículos, siguiendo su porción medial, que era la misma porción de donde parten los conductos deferentes hasta la apertura de la cloaca. El pene del cocodrilo presentaba forma tubular, de apariencia cónica, mostrando poca resistencia manteniendo su flexibilidad, compatible con un tejido fibrocartilaginoso. En el análisis microscópico óptico se pudo observar que el testículo estaba delimitado por la túnica albugínea. Los túbulos seminíferos estaban contorsionados y el espacio intersticial estaba lleno de tejido intersticial y células intersticiales (células de Leydig). El epidídimo estaba cubierto con epitelio pseudoestratificado no ciliado con células que variaban entre formas cuboideas y prismáticas. Los conductos deferentes se caracterizaron por una circunferencia estrecha envuelta en un epitelio prismático pseudoestratificado no ciliado. El pene del cocodrilo estaba cubierto con un epitelio escamoso no queratinizado rodeado de tejido conectivo. Los hallazgos corroboran el conocimiento de la anatomía del sistema reproductivo de Alligatoridae, lo que permite una mayor investigación sobre la reproducción y conservación de C. yacare.

Conhecimento de estratégias pedagógicas no processo ensino – aprendizagem dos alunos do curso de Odontologia / Knowledge on strategies in the teaching learning process of Dentistry students

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento acerca da opinião de alunos regularmente matriculados nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior, pública e particular respectivamente, em relação à prática didático-pedagógica docente adotada atualmente. Foram aplicados questionários acerca das atuais estratégias de ensino aprendizagem para os discentes selecionados, avaliando os seguintes pontos: requisitos que deve possuir um bom professor, atitudes do professor que podem prejudicar a sua relação com o aluno, tempo ideal de uma aula expositiva, responsabilidade no processo de aprendizagem, recursos didáticos e procedimentos em aulas práticas. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 62 alunos de instituição privada e 82 alunos de instituição pública, que foram realizadas no período de dezembro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. Para análise estatística dos dados registrados, utilizou-se o teste estatístico de Qui-Quadrado de homogeneidade, com nível de significância de 5%. Dentre as conclusões verificadas, pode-se destacar que a estratégia de ensino mais eficiente de acordo com os dois grupos de alunos ainda é a aula expositiva dialogada; alunos da Instituição pública afirmaram que ter segurança, clareza e objetividade são os requisitos mais importantes que o professor deve ter, enquanto os alunos da Instituição particular afirmaram que o requisito principal é ter conhecimento e titulação (mestrado e doutorado). As piores atitudes de um professor escolhidas por ambas as instituições foram falta de pontualidade e assiduidade; houve divergências sobre o tempo ideal para aula expositiva.

This study aimed to conduct a survey about the opinion of dentistry students of a public and a private institution, regarding the teaching strategies currently applied. The selected students answered a questionnaire about the teaching-learning evaluating the following aspects: requirements of a good teacher, attitudes that may harm the student-teacher relationship; ideal duration of a lecture; responsibility learning process, teaching resources, and procedures in practical classes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted between December 2010 and January 2011, with 62 students from private institutions and 82 students from public institutions. For statistical analysis it was used the statistical the ChiSquare test of homogeneity with a significance level of 5%. Among the findings it was verified that a lecture open to dialogue is still the most effective teaching strategy according to both groups of students; students from public institution said that having clarity and objectivity are the most important requirement that teacher should have; as those from private institution said the main requirement is to have knowledge and degrees (Masters and Doctoral). The worst attitudes pointed out by both groups were: lack of punctuality and attendance. There were disagreements regarding the ideal time to lecture